Protein Basics-part 1 |
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Proteins perform highly specialized functions in our body. Enzymes are worker-proteins. There are enzymes for various tasks in our body. Some enzymes regulate muscle contration, others make other enzymes. Still others digest the food in our digestive tract. Simply put, some enzymes make molecules and others break down molecules. Enzymes are proteins which often need certain vitamins or trace elements for activation. About half of the protein we eat every day is used to make new enzymes. Several hormones are made of amino acids, the building blocks of protein. Protein also serves structural purposes. Protein is part of our outer cell membranes, as well as membranes within our cells. The matrix of our bones is also made of protein. The hardness of our bones is the result of mineral deposits, such as calcium salts, in the matrix. If you place a bone in a acidic solution for a sufficient time, the mineral salts dissolve, and the bone reveals its rubbery protein origin. Proteins are long chains of amino acids. There are 22 different amino acids in the proteins in our body and in nature. These 22 amino acids can be combined into many different types of proteins. The particular proteins made by our bodies, such as enzymes, are determined by our genes and are responsible for our genetic characteristics, such as eye color or height. Our body contantly degrades its protein. This protein, therefore, must be replaced by new protein. Both animals and plants provide dietary protein. However, to absorb dietary protein, we need to break it down into its original components, the smino acids. The cells lining our digestive tract can absorb only single smino acids or small chains of two or three amino acids (di or tripeptides), which are degraded in the intestinal cells. Digestive enzymes break protein down to components that can easily absorbed. It's important to note, that peptides are short chains of amino acids. Proteins are much larger and often composed of many peptides. The chains of amino acids can be wound and folded, and crosslinked into many different three-dimensional shapes. |
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