Pediatrics - TAPVC Surgery Abroad At Affordable Cost - Pediatrics-TAPV

What is Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) ?

The pulmonary veins are the four blood vessels (two on each side) that return oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) is a rare congenital malformation in which all four pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the left atrium, but instead drain abnormally to the right atrium by way of an abnormal (anomalous) return.

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) is classified into different types, based on the location of the abnormal pulmonary vein return:

A. Supracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) ...

B. Cardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) ...

C. Infracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) ...

Why Does Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) Cause Problems ?

Diminished oxygen content of the arterial blood (Cyanosis) and an increased volume load on the right ventricle characterize the physiology of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.

Because of the abnormal pulmonary vein return there is complete mixing together of the oxygenated blood returning from the lungs (in pulmonary veins) and the unoxygenated blood returning from the body (in the vena cavae)...

Signs and symptoms of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC)

Patients with Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) and obstructed pulmonary venous return are extremely ill soon after birth. These children are severely cyanotic. They also have respiratory distress, with rapid breathing, grunting and retractions of the rib cage muscles. Often such infants may be initially thought to have pneumonia or other respiratory diseases of the newborn, until an accurate cardiac diagnosis is made...

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) Evaluations and Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC)may be initially suspected when a physician hears a typical heart murmur and detects evidence of right ventricular overload.

Measurement of oxygen saturation may detect a low value, typically in the mid-to-high 80s in children without pulmonary vein obstruction. An electrocardiogram will reveal evidence of right atrial and right ventricular enlargement...

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) Treatments

Surgery in Abroad

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) is a defect which requires surgical correction. The timing of the surgical repair varies depending on the type of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) present, and the condition of the child. Surgical repair is performed emergently in the newborn period for newborns with Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC)and obstructed pulmonary veins. This is typical for the infracardiac type. Some of these children will actually require extracorporeal life support (ECMO) prior to surgery because of their marked hemodynamic instability.

What are treatment results ?

The outcome of surgical repair for Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC)is generally excellent. The surgical mortality is less than 5 percent when repair is performed electively, in relatively healthy children without obstructed pulmonary veins.

As expected, the surgical mortality is higher when surgery is performed emergently in critically ill newborns with obstructed pulmonary venous return. Furthermore, critically ill newborns who do survive the surgery may require a prolonged period of post-operative care, often on a ventilator, as their lungs recover...

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