Does a principle of uneven territorial distribution exist for injuries caused by electricity?

Introduction When taking into consideration the influence of electricity on human population, we can see that a number of factors have not yet been studied sufficiently enough. Analyzing relevant modern literature, we find out that the recorded values of some uniform parameters differ significantly in regions situated remotely from one another all over the world. We have provisionally divided these indicators in three groups: Technical factors: voltage and other characteristics of electricity, home and work-related accidents Biological and other factors, such as: age, sex, diseases. Natural factors: seasonality, humidity, ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, gravitation, solar activity and others. Purpose The purpose of our study is to determine which of the factors influencing the fatal outcome of injuries caused by electricity reveals differences in the recorded values depending on the region where the accident occurred, and thus to prove or disprove the hypothesis of uneven territorial distribution of the factors influencing the interactions between electricity and human population. Material and methods Over a 27-year-long period (1980-2006), we studied forensic medical documentation on a total of 35 006 deceased. As a result of electrocution, 485 persons died in 6 districts in Bulgaria (Gabrovo, Dobrich, Varna, Ruse, Silistra and Shumen). We have examined the distribution by districts of the relative share of fatalities as a result of electrotraumas and their average annual number. In the above territorial districts, we have examined the influence of the following factors: Technical: distribution of the relative share of deceased from high or low voltage who met their death in home or work-related accidents. Biological factors: average age of the victims in total and in separate for men and women, distribution of the relative share of the cases by sex and distribution of suicides. Natural factors: we have examined the concentration of fatalities in the summer months in various districts. We subjected the obtained results to descriptive analysis using SPSS 11.0 software. Results The study of the relative share of injuries caused by electricity in comparison with all forensic medical autopsies has ascertained that they are 1.39 ± 1.04%. These data vary for the various districts from 1.04 ± 2.52% (n=62) for the district of Ruse to 1.64 ± 1.88 % (n=174) for the district of Varna. The statistically unreliable difference between the maximal and minimal values is (t=0.38; p>0,05). Comparing the average annual number of cases, we have ascertained that this indicator is lowest in the district of Gabrovo (x=1.33±0.62; n= 36; SD=1.33 ) and highest in the district of Varna (x=6.44±0.82 ;n=174; SD=3.88) with statistically reliable difference (t=15.97;p0,05). The relative share of low voltage as cause of death by electrocution is 42.06 ± 6.77% (n= 204) or 0.51 per 100,000 population and is varies between 72.09 ± 15.79% (n=31) in the district of Silistra and 25 ± 20.58%(n=17) in the district of Shumen with significant difference (t=3.56; p>0,001) . Home electrotraumatism takes up 60.61±5.58% (n=294) of all cases or 0.74 per 100,000 population. We registered its minimal values in the district of Gabrovo 49.05 ± 20.43% (n=23) and its maximal values in the district of Ruse 67.74 ± 14.13% (n=42) with insignificant difference (t=1.48; p>0.05) In contrast to home accidents, work-related ones take up a relatively smaller share, 24.32 ± 7.74% (n=118) or 0.29 per 100,000. We found the lowest percentage among the autopsied for electrotrauma in the district of Shumen 18.33 ± 25.27%(n=9) and the highest in the district of Varna 30.74 ± 12.54%(n=52) with insignificant difference(t=0.86; p>0,05) Biological factors In the material under study, the relative share of men is 85.15±3.42% (n=413) and of women 14.84 ± 8.21% (n=72), the share varying in the districts between 81.68 ± 8.93%(n=72) in the district of Dobrich and 90.69 ± 8.98%(n=39) in the district of Silistra (t=1.38; p>0,05) for men and, respectively, 18.32 ± 19.57% (n=15) and 9.3 ± 28.46% (n= 4) for women (t=0.51; p>0,05) with unreliable difference for both sexes. Children and adolescents take up 16.28 ± 8.14% (n=79) of all cases. Their relative share is highest in the district of Shumen 20 ± 19.6% (n=16) and lowest in the district of Silistra 2.32 ± 20.5% (n=1) with insignificant difference (t=0.98; p>0,05). The victims’ average age is lowest in the district of Shumen (x= 34,15 ± 5.33; n=83 ; SD=17.35 ) and highest in the district of Silistra (x= 41,14 ± 6.56; n=43 ; SD=15.37) with significant difference (t=2.32;p

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